one of the most controversial and unresolved questions in bilingual first language acquisition (henceforth bfla) is whether bilingual children develop one mixed or two independent linguistic systems. many scholars in the lield of bfla arc in tavor of the one-system hypothesis (leopold 1970; swain and wesche, 1975; volterra and tacschner, j 987; grosjean, 1982; tacschncr, 1983: mclaughlin, 1984:...

Cross-language retrieval of spontaneous speech combines the challenges of working with noisy automated document transcripts and language translation. The CLEF 2005 Cross-Language Speech Retrieval (CL-SR) task provides a standard test collection to investigate these challenges. In our experimental investigation we show that we can improve retrieval performance by careful selection of the term we...

This paper describes research activities of ETRI in multi-lingual spontaneous speech translation. We have developed Korean-toEnglish, Korean-to-Japanese speech translation system prototype that includes 5,000 word spontaneous Korean speech recognizer, Korean-English and Korean-Japanese translators, and Korean speech synthesizer with spontaneous prosody in the travel planning task. We utilize mu...

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is a key concept in physics that for decades has played crucial role the description of many physical phenomena large number different areas, like particle physics, cosmology, and condensed-matter physics. SSB thus an ubiquitous connecting several, both "high" "low" energy, areas textbooks describe its basic features great detail. However, to study dynamics l...

JANUS is a multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation system designed to facilitate communication between two parties engaged in a spontaneous conversation in a limited domain. In this paper we describe how multi-level segmentation of single utterance turns improves translation quality and facilitates accurate translation in our system. We define the basic dialogue units that are handled by our...

Dynamic cardiac baroreflex responses are frequently investigated by analyzing the spontaneous reciprocal changes in arterial pressure and heart rate (HR). However, whether the spontaneous baroreflex-induced changes in HR translate into changes in cardiac output (CO) is unknown. In addition, this linkage between changes in HR and changes in CO may be different in subjects with heart failure (HF)...